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  • Volume 55, Issue 10

    More content from Volume 55, Issue 10

    FIGURE 1. The home-built vibration isolation system is suspended from the ceiling using steel springs (a); additional damping is provided by latex gloves (b).
    Because commercial vibration isolation systems are expensive and often perform poorly when low-frequency isolation is required, a homemade system with mechanical springs and oil...
    Oct. 1, 2019
    FIGURE 1. Optical processes involved in Raman scattering and other light-tissue interactions are compared.1
    A novel application of visible resonance Raman (VRR) spectroscopy demonstrates potential to impact outcomes for glioma patients.
    Oct. 1, 2019
    (Image credit: King Saud University)
    The optenna array (a) consists of a series of conical Bundt-pan-shaped structures (b) with dimensions on the order of few microns (c) that are optimized for impedance matching with IR radiation in a certain wavelength region. FDTD simulations (d) show how the IR energy is funneled into the annular ring and concentrated at the IR-absorbing layer.
    An optical antenna fabricated in the shape of a Bundt pan can concentrate energy over targeted infrared wavelength bands by up to 8 orders of magnitude.
    Oct. 1, 2019
    (Image: RMIT University)
    Nylon fabric contains a graphene film laser-patterned to form electrodes in a fractal geometry; an electrolyte turns the prototype cloth into a supercapacitor that retains 80% capacitance, even after 50 wash and dry cycles in commercial laundering machines.
    A supercapacitor with conductive graphene elements patterned using a combination of carbon-dioxide and ultrafast lasers was created on nylon cloth.
    Oct. 1, 2019
    (Courtesy of Rice University)
    Fluorescence-lifetime imaging with a new molecular probe provides insight into temperature variations across a cell culture. Lifetime imaging is largely decoupled from fluorophore concentration, pH, and viscosity, providing temperature measurement accurate to better than 0.5°C. The structure of the oscillatory molecular probe is shown on the right.
    Microscopic fluorescence lifetime imaging allows temperature measurement of single cells to obtain detailed information about an organism’s physiological state.
    Oct. 1, 2019
    A nanophotonic resonator converts light at a fundamental wavelength of 1545.6 nm to its second harmonic (SH) at 772.8 nm with a high normalized efficiency of 230,000%/W. The SH spectrum as a function of pump laser wavelength is shown at left; SH power in nanowatts as a function of input pump power in microwatts is seen at right.
    A chip-integrated microring resonator in a thin-film lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) medium shows normalized frequency-conversion efficiency of 230,000%/W.
    Oct. 1, 2019
    (Courtesy of the Missouri University of Science and Technology)
    The evolution of a long chain of four atoms in the first row in a certain superposition of states—S4S1S2S3 (blue, red, yellow, and green)—under laser pulsing develops into a 4 × 8 space-time block (inset) that appears periodically on the four right columns as the time crystal (black border). The identical time crystal appears later on the left corner, marked with an asterisk.
    The validity of time crystals—structures that repeat in time with long coherence that could be used for quantum photonics—moves closer to reality with the demonstration of time...
    Oct. 1, 2019
    FIGURE 1. Integrated photonics enables higher bandwidth for data transmission on a PCB. Examples here include data transmission through printed electrical connections (a); short electrical connections between chip and EO transceiver connected with flyover cable (b); multichip-module (MCM) and transceiver on interposer, connected with flyover cable (c); optical signal transmission in the EOCB by optical waveguides (d); and transceiver integrated in the chip sends data into the EOCB-integrated optical waveguides (e).
    Using an ion-exchange process, optical waveguides can be created in cost-effective display glass to support data transport and further photonic system integration.
    Oct. 1, 2019
    FIGURE 1. A functional block diagram shows the inter-phase quadrature Mach-Zehnder modulator or IQ MZM (bottom), the differential coplanar strip traveling waveguide or CPS TW (middle), and the push-pull p-n structure (top).
    Cost-efficient small-form-factor coherent modulators that leverage scalable silicon photonic architectures reach higher levels of integration than InP or LiNbO3 for high-baud-...
    Oct. 1, 2019
    1910 Lfw Nb F1
    A nanopatterned 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayer, illuminated by near-infrared laser light, creates an ultrathin transmission hologram via nonlinear second harmonic...
    Oct. 1, 2019
    1910 Lfw Nb F3
    Raman microscopy can map the sub-cellular and sub-micron constituents of various tree-ring compounds to determine why old growth trees live for thousands of years.
    Oct. 1, 2019
    1910 Lfw Nb F4
    A photonic topological insulator comprised of a coupled ring array can serve as an on-the-fly photon router when the rings are illuminated by an external laser source.
    Oct. 1, 2019
    1910 Lfw Nb 5
    Intraoral photography requires dental mirrors with maximum reflectivity and high surface ruggedness for real-world dentistry environments.
    Oct. 1, 2019