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  • Volume 49, Issue 05

    More content from Volume 49, Issue 05

    (Courtesy of Cymer)
    FIGURE 1. Basic elements of a lithography system. In this version, pulses from a CO2 laser illuminate droplets of tin, shown as a red spot, which radiate 13.5 nm light in all directions. A collector mirror focuses the light into a reflective optical system that directs the light onto a reticle, which a second set of mirrors, at right, focus onto the wafer stage. Overall transmission from the intermediate focus at top center to the wafer stage is less than 1%.
    Demonstration of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) sources delivering tens of watts to wafers is a major milestone, and shipments will begin later this year. But serious challenges remain...
    May 1, 2013
    FIGURE 1. A solid model of the 1310 nm MEMS-VCSEL. The device combines an epitaxial half-VCSEL (including a GaAs/AlxOy DBR and InGaAs active region) with a dielectric suspended mirror structure. The structure is optically pumped through the top mirror. Wavelength tuning is realized via an integrated electrostatic actuator [1].
    New developments in swept light sources such as VCSELs with long coherence lengths and akinetic swept sources with pure electrical tuning are enabling high-resolution, high-speed...
    May 1, 2013
    FIGURE 1. a) The beam profile of a conventional low-loss, 19-cell hollow-core fiber after 20 m shows distortions caused by higher-order modes. b) A spectrogram of the 19-cell fiber shows higher-order mode content as a function of wavelength and differential group delay, revealing large numbers of higher-order modes at low-loss wavelengths. c) The beam profile from a PRISM fiber, and d) a spectrogram of the PRISM fiber show the result of using the shunt cores to robustly eliminate higher-order modes and achieve effectively single-mode operation.
    Hollow-core fibers designed via the "perturbed resonance for improved single modedness" (PRISM) approach rapidly attenuate higher-order modes while allowing the fundamental mode...
    May 1, 2013
    FIGURE 1. Typical optical components in a miniature spectrometer.
    With embedded, onboard microprocessors for rapid spectral manipulation, a USB 3.0 communication port for faster data transfer, and an ultrafast trigger delay to monitor up to ...
    May 1, 2013
    Conard Holton2
    Internationally, many efforts are underway to support innovation and growth in photonics-which in turn promises to help society in so many fundamental ways.
    May 1, 2013
    FIGURE 1. Photovoltaic (PV) equipment spending (including c-Si ingot-to-module stages and thin-film technology) is currently going through a prolonged downturn caused by excessive capacity additions during 2009 to 2011, as detailed in the NPD Solarbuzz 'PV Equipment Quarterly, April 2013.
    The solar photovoltaic (PV) industry continued to grow in 2012, reaching 29 GW of PV demand. However, massive overcapacity and oversupply impacted PV manufacturers (especially...
    May 1, 2013
    1305lfw Marketinsights
    In my many years as an entrepreneur in the photonics industry, owners and managers of photonics companies have been asking me if it makes sense for them to consider selling in...
    May 1, 2013
    A three-mode (LP01, LP11a, LP11b) multiplexer takes the outputs from three singlemode fibers (SMFs), converts the modes from two of the fibers, and then combines the modes into a 37-cell hollow-core photonic-bandgap fiber (PBGF).
    Developers of hollow-core fibers announced two important firsts in a March 21, 2013 postdeadline paper at this year’s Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibition and...
    April 30, 2013
    (Courtesy of Arizona State University)
    A false-color scale shows gradations of light intensity within a nanolaser (above). In a nanolaser with a metallic cavity (right), a central region (red) confines electrons and a cavity of silver (gray) encloses the gain region. The light emission (orange-yellow cone) exits through the substrate side (blue top layer).
    A research team at Arizona State University (ASU) led by Cun-Zheng Ning has created an electrically pumped continuous-wave nanolaser that reliably operates at room temperature...
    April 30, 2013
    (Courtesy of Ghent University)
    A gallium-antimonide (GaSb)-based laser integrated on a silicon substrate is the first step towards an integrated shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectrometer. The fabricated laser structure (a) and the power output characteristics (b) are shown for this first demonstration.
    Recent progress on integrating gallium antimonide (GaSb) lasers and photodetectors on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI)-based photonic integrated circuit (PIC) platform using CMOS ...
    April 29, 2013
    (Courtesy of Johannes Kepler University Linz)
    A thin-film luminescent concentrator (LC) creates a flexible, fully transparent, scalable, and low-cost polymer image sensor. The approach reconstructs grayscale images focused onto the LC surface. Here, an image is projected onto a Bayer Makrofol LISA Green LC film, which absorbs blue and re-emits green light.
    A new way of capturing images based on a flat, flexible, transparent, and potentially disposable polymer sheet has been developed at Johannes Kepler University Linz in Austria...
    April 29, 2013
    Fiber amplifier for telecommunications is based on PbS/CdS QDs
    Lead sulfide/cadmium sulfide (PbS/CdS) quantum dots (QDs) that absorb 980 nm pump light and emit in the 1400–1600 nm region are at the heart of an optical fiber amplifier developed...
    April 26, 2013
    Transmission spectrum of birefringent optical filter is temperature-insensitive
    Birefringence-based optical filters have many uses, including dense wavelength-division multiplexing, astronomy, laser tuning, and others.
    April 26, 2013
    1305lfwnb Addweb
    Oclaro engineers have dramatically miniaturized their red laser diodes: Four-beam devices have decreased in volume by 75% (from TO 9.0 mm can packages to TO 5.6 mm cans) and eight...
    April 25, 2013
    1305lfwnbf1web
    By monolithically integrating a tiled array of optical interference filters on top of standard CMOS image sensors, imec has developed a compact, high-resolution “snapshot” multispectral...
    April 25, 2013