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  • Volume 54, Issue 11
  • Volume 54, Issue 11

    (Image credit: Felice Frankel)
    Developed at MIT, these mini-spectrometer chips arrayed on a tray were then fabricated using conventional chipmaking processes.
    Research

    Silicon Photonics: Low-cost on-chip optical spectrometers have high channel count and signal-to-noise ratio

    Nov. 2, 2018
    High-resolution spectra are obtained by modulating a reconfigurable Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
    (Courtesy of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)
    The Schneefernerhaus research station, near the top of Mount Zugspitze in Germany, is used to conduct climate research (a). The station’s 1.5 m Newtonian telescope and differential absorption lidar (DIAL) system has been upgraded with a modified 350 W 308 nm xenon chloride (XeCl) excimer laser. The telescope (b) collects all the backscattered radiation, including all Raman components, into the six-channel detection system. The secondary mirror (seen with the sky in background) is mounted about 4.3 m above the primary mirror.
    Research

    Atmospheric Lidar: Raman lidar using industrial excimer laser measures high-altitude water vapor

    Nov. 2, 2018
    Measurements of the vertical distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere are taken using Raman lidar with a customized industrial excimer laser.
    (Image credit: INRS)
    Key components in the 10 trillion frames/s T-CUP system include a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera that performs spatiotemporal integration, and a digital micromirror device (DMD) for spatial encoding.
    Research

    Novel Optics/In Vivo Imaging: Real-time 10 trillion fps camera will facilitate in vivo imaging

    Nov. 2, 2018
    A method of imaging temporal focusing of a single ultrashort laser pulse in a dynamic scattering medium will aid in vivo microscopy.
    (Photo credit: U.S. Army)
    A MEHEL-equipped Stryker shot small fixed- and rotary-wing UAS out of the sky using a 5 kW fiber laser in April 2018 during MFIX-17 at Fort Sill, a first for the Army ([a]; photo credit: U.S. Army photo by C. Todd Lopez, Army News Service). Shown is one of the drones shot down by a MEHEL-equipped Stryker in April at Fort Sill during MFIX-17 (b). Lessons learned during MFIX-17 will make the MEHEL easier for Soldiers to operate.
    Lasers & Sources

    High-power Military Lasers: The Pentagon’s laser weapon plans expand

    Nov. 2, 2018
    Advances in high-energy solid-state lasers and encouraging results from field trials show expanded capabilities of recent U.S. military laser prototypes.
    (Image credit: UMN)
    Monochromatic images of a mouse retina are displayed at four different wavelengths (boxes indicate locations of amyloid measurement areas). Illumination with 510 nm blue light (a) shows bright reflections from nerve fibers and blood vessels. The 555 nm green light images (b) show dark large blood vessels, while nerve fibers in the center appear bright (veins are darker than arteries because of greater deoxyhemoglobin absorption). The 615 nm red light images (c) show bright arteries and veins, while 705 nm near-infrared light (d) reveals less-bright vessels but more sharply focused choroidal capillaries near the center.
    Test & Measurement

    Hyperspectral Imaging: Hyperspectral endoscopy links retinal changes to Alzheimer’s disease progression

    Nov. 2, 2018
    Adding hyperspectral imaging capability to a standard medical endoscope allows capture of retinal images that reveal soluble amyloid aggregates linked to Alzheimer’s disease.

    More content from Volume 54, Issue 11

    A coded access optical sensor (CAOS) camera for laser-beam imaging has at its heart a digital micromirror device (DMD) in which various combinations of pixels can be switched on and off to fulfill the requirements of different coding schemes.
    Test & Measurement

    Beam Characterization: CAOS camera images laser beams with extremely high dynamic range

    Nov. 2, 2018
    In its many configurations, the CAOS camera images laser beams in different ways that match differing system requirements.
    1811 Lfw Nb 5
    Research

    NIST engineers modulate continuous-wave laser to produce frequency comb

    Nov. 2, 2018
    An electro-optically modulated continuous-wave laser produces pulses every 100 ps with sub-optical-cycle accuracy, resulting in a frequency comb useful for biological imaging....
    1811 Lfw Nb 4
    Software

    NECL method from FLIR compares optical gas imaging camera capabilities

    Nov. 1, 2018
    Optical gas imaging (OGI) cameras rely on changes in infrared (IR) radiation as it passes through a gas. The technique is still relatively new and no official standard yet exists...
    Test & Measurement

    Elliptically polarized light could cause large errors in superresolution microscopy

    Nov. 1, 2018
    Spin-orbit coupling of light in the emission of elliptically polarized emitters can cause wavelength-scale positioning errors.
    Content Dam Lfw Print Articles 2018 11 1811lfw Nb F2
    Lasers & Sources

    Ultrafast thulium fiber laser reaches communications-ready 20 GHz

    Nov. 1, 2018
    Nominal 2 µm thulium fiber lasers have only reached repetition rates up to 1.6 GHz. However, active mode locking extends this rate more than an order of magnitude, making communications...
    Content Dam Lfw Print Articles 2018 11 1811lfw Nb F1
    Optics

    Simple, angle-independent radiative surface could passively cool buildings

    Nov. 1, 2018
    Spin-orbit coupling of light in the emission of elliptically polarized emitters can cause wave-length-scale positioning errors.
    2105 Lfw Lpms Supp 9a
    Research

    Laser weapons and lidar

    Nov. 1, 2018
    Editor in chief John Lewis welcomes back contributing editor Jeff Hecht and discusses November issue content, including laser weapons and automotive lidar.
    Conard 720
    Commentary

    Business Forum: Laser markets in 2018 -- questions, questions

    Nov. 1, 2018
    Changes in the global economic and political situation are being to affect laser markets, but the real consequences are only beginning to emerge.
    FIGURE 1. Aligning parts that have become misaligned because of stress, creep, or settling processes is an application for active shims, when submicron or even nanometer precision and stability are required.
    Positioning, Support & Accessories

    Motion Control: Active piezo shims improve precision of optical assemblies

    Nov. 1, 2018
    Because of the down-to-nanometer-range resolution of their piezo elements, active shims cover applications in precision engineering and alignment of optical components.
    FIGURE 1. Numerous materials suitable for use in IR optics include chalcogenide glasses, semiconductors, water-soluble crystals, and others; the chalcogenides are shown in blue.
    Optics & Design

    Advances in Optical Systems: Chalcogenide’s place in the infrared optical materials spectrum

    Nov. 1, 2018
    Many optical materials exist for designing IR optics; chalcogenide BD6 has some advantages when compared with legacy materials.
    Shank tips on the University of Michigan neural probe, designed for reduced invasiveness in accessing deep brain structures with optogenetics, feature monolithically integrated dielectric waveguide tips (a 7 μm core with 2 μm cladding on both the top and bottom).
    Research

    Optogenetics/Brain Research: Optical developments take optogenetics deeper, less invasively

    Nov. 1, 2018
    Optogenetics has rocked the world of neuroscience for more than a decade now. But neuroscientists want more from the technique—and less, including more depth and less invasiveness...
    FIGURE 1. Luminance vs. lumen output is shown for phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pcLEDs) and lasers.
    Research

    Non-laser Light Sources: High-luminance LEDs target emerging automotive lighting applications

    Nov. 1, 2018
    Now approaching luminance of 100 million nits, phosphor-converted LEDs target applications that not only con-vey concentrated illumination at low cost, but also transmit information...
    (Courtesy of Blackmore)
    FIGURE 1. Four Blackmore lidar sensors are mounted atop a BMW X5 test vehicle on the road.
    Test & Measurement

    Photonics Products: Lidar Systems: Automotive lidar draws heavily on photonics industry

    Nov. 1, 2018
    The overlap is large between automotive lidar and familiar names in the photonics industry.
    FIGURE 1. A visualization shows the concept of preparing a glass façade for a building by laminating glass sheets together with a perovskite solar module.
    Detectors & Imaging

    Photovoltaics: Collaboration helps scale perovskite photovoltaics for commercial deployment

    Nov. 1, 2018
    The involvement of industry partners and clients in the new product development process directly benefits the scaling of perovskite PV technology from the lab to commercial and...