Dorsch first anesthetized Frank in a "solution" of his own aquarium water with sprinklings of a powdered anesthetic, which he sprinkled in a bit at a time until he knew that Frank would cease flopping or wiggling around. Once Frank was sedated and safely removed from the water, he used the Luxar 20SI Class 1 Type B CO2 laser at a continuous-wave (CW) power to remove the mass, which was raised, orange and about 3 cm in diameter just behind his pectoral fin, he told BioOptics World. He used a 0.4 mm tip at 6 W to cut the mass off at scale level parallel with the body wall. He didn't want to cut into Frank's body cavity because he wouldn't be able to stitch him up afterward. He then increased the laser to 8 W to "paint" the area to try to decrease any oozing from the site and cauterize any cells that remained after mass removal. Using the CO2 laser allowed less bleeding, cauterizing nerve endings so it doesn't hurt as much as a scalpel. And as for the length of the surgery? "Frank was out for two minutes at the most," he said.