'Glowing' detectors could visually ID toxins or pathogens

Dec. 15, 2011
Researchers at MIT have developed an approach that pairs fluorescent molecules with an open scaffolding called a metal-organic framework (MOF), enabling them to reveal presence of specific toxins, disease markers, pathogens, or explosives.

Researchers at MIT (Cambridge, MA) have developed an approach that pairs fluorescent molecules with an open scaffolding called a metal-organic framework (MOF), enabling them to reveal presence of specific toxins, disease markers, pathogens, or explosives. Their MOF structure provides lots of open space for target molecules to occupy, bringing them into close proximity with fluorescent molecules that react to their presence. Then, their system visually signals the presence of a target chemical by emitting a fluorescent glow.

The work could have significant applications in sensors attuned to specific compounds whose detection could be read at a glance simply by watching for the material to glow. Assistant professor of chemistry Mircea Dincă, who led the work, notes that a lot of known sensors "turn off" in the presence of the target compound; therefore, sensors that "turn on" are better because they’re easier to detect and the contrast is better.

If the material is tuned to detect carbon dioxide (CO2), for example, the device’s readout is much more obvious with more CO2 present. And it’s not just the presence or absence of a specific type of molecule: the system can also respond to changes in the viscosity of a fluid, such as blood, which can be an important indicator in diseases such as diabetes. In such applications, the material could provide two different indications at once—for example, changing in color depending on the presence of a specific compound, such as glucose in the blood, while changing in intensity depending on the viscosity.

Aiming to detect toxins and pathogens quickly, a team of researchers at MIT coupled a metal-organic framework (MOF) with fluorescent molecules that 'glow' when a target molecule is introduced. (Image courtesy of MIT)

MOF materials' inner pores measure about one nanometer across and equate to the size of a small molecule, making them well suited as molecular detectors, says Dincă. The new material is based on the MIT team’s discovery of a way to bind a certain type of fluorescent molecules, also known as chromophores, onto the MOF’s metal atoms. While these particular chromophores cannot emit light by themselves, they become fluorescent when bunched together. When in bunches or clumps, however, target molecules cannot reach them and therefore cannot be detected. Attaching the chromophores to nodes of the MOF’s open framework keeps them from clumping, while also keeping them close to the empty pores so they can easily respond to the arrival of a target molecule.

The MIT approach still needs further refinement to improve the efficiency of production, which should be easily accomplished, says Ben Zhong Tang, a professor of chemistry at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, who was not involved in the work. Once that is achieved, he says, it could find many uses, such as smart vehicles and monitors for controlled drug deliveries. What's more, the fluorescence should be gradually weakened in intensity along with progressive release of the drugs, enabling in situ real-time monitoring of the drug release profiles, he says.

Published online in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, the work was supported by MIT’s Center for Excitonics, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, and by the National Science Foundation. For more information, please visit http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja209327q.

-----

Follow us on Twitter, 'like' us on Facebook, and join our group on LinkedIn

Follow OptoIQ on your iPhone; download the free app here.

Subscribe now to BioOptics World magazine; it's free!

Sponsored Recommendations

Next generation tunable infrared lasers

Nov. 28, 2023
Discussion of more powerful and stable quantum cascade tunable infrared lasers, applications, and test results.

What AI demands mean for data centers

Nov. 28, 2023
The 2023 Photonics-Enabled Cloud Computing Summit assembled by Optica took an aggressive approach to calling out the limitations of today’s current technologies.

SLP feature for lighting control available on cameras offering

Nov. 28, 2023
A proprietary structured light projector (SLP) feature is now available on the company’s camera series, including the ace 2, boost R, ace U, and ace L.

Chroma Customer Spotlight - Dr. David Warshaw, About his Lab

Nov. 27, 2023
David Warshaw, Professor and Chair of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics at the University of Vermont (UVM), walks us through his lab. Learn about his lab’s work with the protein...

Voice your opinion!

To join the conversation, and become an exclusive member of Laser Focus World, create an account today!