Researchers from Switzerland designed quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) with quarter wave shifted (QWS) DFB modes for a more practical and robust method of studying the effects of exceptional point (EP) singularities. QCLs provide an ideal system for direct observation and engineering of spectral singularities. By varying the physical location of the QWS defect as well as the injection current, researchers were able to observe and study EPs based on the coupling parameters of the system, and the effects they have between the weak and strong coupled regime of a laser.
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