Toraldo filters are named after Giuliano Toraldo di Francia, an Italian scientist who investigated pupil-plane filtering as a way to increase the resolution of an imaging system beyond the diffraction limit by using a set of concentric amplitude and/or phase filters at the pupil of an image-forming system. Half a century later, researchers at the University of Calcutta (Calcutta, India) have developed evolutionary algorithms to optimize the design for simple, low-cost Toraldo filters that achieve super-resolution imaging.
By using evolutionary algorithms based on genetics including binary coding of design variables and evolution of a population through selection, crossover, and mutation, the point-spread function of an image can be altered through an optimized phase-filter design. The optimization algorithms were applied to the fabrication of multizone, equal-area phase filters (four-zone and eight-zone) to provide both axial and transverse super-resolution; that is, the filters narrow down the axial and transverse spread, respectively, of the diffraction spot. Further experiments on unequal area phase filters are in progress. Contact Lakshminarayan Hazra at [email protected].
John Wallace | Senior Technical Editor (1998-2022)
John Wallace was with Laser Focus World for nearly 25 years, retiring in late June 2022. He obtained a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering and physics at Rutgers University and a master's in optical engineering at the University of Rochester. Before becoming an editor, John worked as an engineer at RCA, Exxon, Eastman Kodak, and GCA Corporation.