Germanium (Ge)-on-silicon photodetectors operate successfully in the telecommunications wavelength ranges centered at 1310 nm and 1550 nm (the C- and L-bands), respectively; however, the Ge direct bandgap of 0.8 eV severely limits its operation above 1550 nm, making these types of detectors not usable at L-band (1565 to 1625 nm) and U-band (1625 to 1675 nm) wavelengths.
To reach the L- and U-bands, researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Beijing, China) built on earlier research that demonstrated the efficacy of germanium-tin (GeSn) alloys for these longer telecommunications wavelengths. But even though small concentrations of Sn reduce the bandgap enough to cover all telecommunications windows as well as increase the C- and L-band absorption by a factor of ten, fabrication of GeSn detectors has proven difficult due to poor thermal stability of the alloy and the large lattice mismatch between GeSn and silicon. To overcome these challenges, the researchers grew GeSn photodetectors using CMOS-compatible solid-source molecular-beam epitaxy in a standard lithographic, dry-etching, and lift-off-metallization process. Responsivity of the resulting GeSn detector at 1310, 1540, and 1640 nm was 0.52, 0.23, and 0.12 A/W, respectively—two orders of magnitude better than previously fabricated GeSn photodetectors.
Contact Chunlai Xue at [email protected].
Gail Overton | Senior Editor (2004-2020)
Gail has more than 30 years of engineering, marketing, product management, and editorial experience in the photonics and optical communications industry. Before joining the staff at Laser Focus World in 2004, she held many product management and product marketing roles in the fiber-optics industry, most notably at Hughes (El Segundo, CA), GTE Labs (Waltham, MA), Corning (Corning, NY), Photon Kinetics (Beaverton, OR), and Newport Corporation (Irvine, CA). During her marketing career, Gail published articles in WDM Solutions and Sensors magazine and traveled internationally to conduct product and sales training. Gail received her BS degree in physics, with an emphasis in optics, from San Diego State University in San Diego, CA in May 1986.