Evanston, IL--Defying the diffraction limit of light and operating at room temperature, single laser devices that are the size of a virus particle have been manufactured by researchers at Northwestern University. The researchers say that these plasmonic nanolasers could be readily integrated into silicon-based photonic devices, all-optical circuits, and nanoscale biosensors. The research is critical for developing ultrasmall lasers for ultrafast data processing and ultra-dense information storage. Their results are published in the Journal Nano Letters at http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nl303086r.
"Coherent light sources at the nanometer scale are important not only for exploring phenomena in small dimensions but also for realizing optical devices with sizes that can beat the diffraction limit of light," said Teri Odom, a nanotechnology expert who led the research. Odom is the Board of Lady Managers of the Columbian Exposition Professor of Chemistry in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences and a professor of materials science and engineering in the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science. "The reason we can fabricate nano-lasers with sizes smaller than that allowed by diffraction is because we made the lasing cavity out of metal nanoparticle dimers--structures with a 3-D 'bowtie' shape," Odom said.
These metal nanostructures support localized surface plasmons--collective oscillations of electrons--that have no fundamental size limits when it comes to confining light. The use of the bowtie geometry has two significant benefits over previous work on plasmon lasers: (1) the bowtie structure provides a well-defined, electromagnetic hot spot in a nano-sized volume because of an antenna effect, and (2) the individual structure has only minimal metal "losses" because of its discrete geometry. "Surprisingly, we also found that when arranged in an array, the 3-D bowtie resonators could emit light at specific angles according to the lattice parameters," Odom said.
SOURCE: Northwestern University; www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2012/11/researchers-create-laser-the-size-of-a-virus-particle.html